The due process clause of section 1: Prohibits state governments from taking any legal actions or passing any laws that unfairly deprive a person of life, liberty, or property.The privileges and immunities clause of section 1: Declares that no state can pass laws or take action that denies an individual’s rights that he or she enjoys as a U.S.The citizenship clause of section 1: Protects the rights of the recently freed slaves and identifies who may enjoy privileges of U.S.The Fourteenth Amendment consists of eight basic parts, or clauses, organized in five sections, each addressing separate legal issues as follows: The amendment also made blacks citizens and set penalties for aiding the South’s cause during the Civil War. For this reason, the Fourteenth Amendment has been called a second Bill of Rights. Just as the Fifth Amendment represented a miniature Bill of Rights in itself by providing strong legal protections against federal government abuse of power, the Fourteenth Amendment extended many of these same legal safeguards against state government actions. 12, 1980, expressed support for the amendment) Oregon, Septem(and rescinded its ratification on October 15, 1868) Vermont, OctoOhio, Janu(and rescinded its ratification on January 15, 1868) New York, JanuKansas, JanuIllinois, JanuWest Virginia, JanuMichigan, JanuMinnesota, JanuMaine, JanuNevada, JanuIndiana, JanuMissouri, JanuRhode Island, FebruWisconsin, FebruPennsylvania, FebruMassachusetts, MaNebraska, JIowa, MaArkansas, ApFlorida, JNorth Carolina, J(after having rejected it on December 14, 1866) Louisiana, J(after having rejected it on February 6, 1867) South Carolina, J(after having rejected it on December 20, 1866). Ratifying States:Ĭonnecticut, JNew Hampshire, JTennessee, JNew Jersey, Septem(subsequently the legislature rescinded its ratification, and on March 24, 1868, readopted its resolution of rescission over the Governor’s veto, and on Nov. Declared to be part of the Constitution on July 28, 1868. Ratified by the required three-fourths of states (twenty-eight of thirty-seven) on July 9, 1868. Submitted by Congress to the states on June 13, 1866. The Congress shall have power to enforce, by appropriate legislation, the provisions of this article. But neither the United States nor any State shall assume or pay any debt or obligation incurred in aide of insurrection or rebellion against the United States, or any claim for the loss or emancipation of any slave but all such debts, obligations and claims shall be held illegal and void. The validity of the public debt of the United States, authorized by law, including debts incurred for payment of pensions and bounties for services in suppressing insurrection or rebellion, shall not be questioned. But Congress may by a vote of two-thirds of each House, remove such disability. ![]() No person shall be a Senator or Representative in Congress, or elector of President and Vice President, or hold any office, civil or military, under the United States, or under any State, who, having previously taken an oath, as a member of Congress, or as an officer of the United States, or as a member of any State legislature, or as an executive or judicial officer of any State, to support the Constitution of the United States, shall have engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the same, or given aid or comfort to the enemies thereof. But when the right to vote at any election for the choice of electors for President and Vice President of the United States, Representatives in Congress, the Executive and Judicial officers of a State, or the members of the Legislature thereof, is denied to any of the male inhabitants of such State, being twenty-one years of age, and citizens of the United States, or in any way abridged, except for participation in rebellion, or other crime, the basis or representation therein shall be reduced in the proportion which the number of such male citizens shall bear to the whole number of male citizens twenty-one years of age in such State. ![]() Representatives shall be apportioned among the several States according to their respective numbers, counting the whole number of persons in each State, excluding Indians not taxed. No state shall make or enforce any law that shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside.
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